Modules

Please select a Portfolio from above

Ambulance Service

For ambulance service staff

Acute Coronary Syndrome and Cardiac Arrest

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will focus on the drugs and therapeutic procedures to manage a presentation of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), including a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) event. As a minimum, it is expected that all general practitioners in the UK hold a valid CPR and Automated External Defibrillation (AED) qualification. This is normally achieved through completion of a Basic Life Support (BLS) course. The module summarises guidance from the European Resuscitation Council 2015 and the Resuscitation Council UK, but will be pitched at the level of the Basic Life Support (BLS) provider, rather than that of an Advanced Life Saver certificate holder.

Adherence

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will explore medicines adherence and other related terminology. It will consider levels of and reasons for non-adherence. The module will also explore methods to promote shared decision-making and interventions to increase adherence to, and persistence with, prescribed medication regimens.

Adverse Drug Reactions

Managing the Risks of Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

This module will explore the identification and prediction of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients. It will also consider the public health burden of adverse drug reactions, and pharmacovigilance systems in the UK. The module will highlight the importance of reporting ADRs.

Anaphylaxis

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the stepwise management of anaphylaxis in the general practice setting. We will list the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction and describe how to assess severity. We will discuss the pharmacological management and any follow-up required for patients who required hospitalisation. It is important you remain up-to-date with the most recent evidence-based guidance to manage an anaphylactic reaction in the community setting.

Anticoagulation Part 1

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the prescribing of both parenteral and oral anticoagulation therapy, to ensure you can safely initiate or continue treatment in hospital. We will consider the indications, cautions, dosing, monitoring and adverse effects of such treatments and how you can minimise the risk of harm to your patients.

Anticoagulation Part 2

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) and parental anticoagulants. We will consider the indicaitons and contraindictions to treatments, the recommended dosing regimens, adverse affects, and monitoring requirements.

Asthma and Croup

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the pharmacological management of an acute exacerbation of asthma or croup in general practice, or during a home visit in the community. Acute management of asthma will be discussed for both adults and children while, for croup we will concentrate on management in children (i.e. the patient group most affected). We will also describe any follow-up required for patients who experience one of these medical emergencies.

Bipolar Affective Disorders

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will provide you with an introduction to the treatment and management of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD). We will briefly describe the aetiology and symptoms of BPAD. We will discuss the medicines commonly used in the management of acute mania and prophylaxis of BPAD. We will then discuss in further detail, the role of lithium and the risks of toxicity. Note: we will not discuss the management of bipolar depression in this module, as this will be discussed in our ‘Depression’ module. The SCRIPT ‘Introduction to Psychiatry’ and ‘Affective Disorders’ modules provide additional content to support your overall learning in relation to psychiatry. Throughout this module, we will refer to ‘patients’, as this is consistent with the terminology used by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. However, many guidelines refer to people with mental health problems as ‘service users’ or ‘clients’.

Breastfeeding

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will explore the use of drugs in patients who are breastfeeding. The module includes the general principles of prescribing in breastfeeding patients, the effects of drugs on lactation, the possible effects that a drug may have on the breastfed infant and introduces some useful resources for establishing the safety of drug use during lactation.

Cardiac arrest

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

This module will focus on the drugs and therapeutics used during and immediately following cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in an adult. It is based on the latest Resuscitation Council guidelines (2010). This module will help you to revise the guidelines for resuscitation of patients in cardiac arrest and management of reversible causes, but does not replace formal Advanced Life Support (ALS) training.

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will discuss the management of cardiac dysrhythmias in the secondary care setting. Pharmacological treatment options will be discussed for both the acute and long-term management of arrhythmias, and the importance of stroke risk stratification in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF).

Clinical Kinetics

The Principles of Prescribing

You must choose the right drug at the correct dose to manage your patient optimally. In this module we will discuss the factors that govern the rate and extent of a drug's action, from when it is administered until it leaves the body. Understanding clinical kinetics will help you make better therapeutic choices and can be applied to your day-to-day prescribing.

Clinical Pharmacology

The Principles of Prescribing

This module serves as a reminder of the fundamental topics in pharmacology you will have learnt as a medical student, and aims to help you to appreciate the relevance of this knowledge to your early clinical practice. The module will focus on pharmacodynamics (the interactions between drugs and receptors) and discuss the range of chemically sensitive sites, which mainly exist on proteins. Pharmacokinetics is considered in a separate module.

COVID-19

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will provide a high-level overview of the care of medical inpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. We will discuss some basic facts about the disease, summarise the managment principles for ward-based patients, and present and outline approach to the escalation or palliation of patients. We will concentrate the learning on adult inpatients in the non critical care setting.

Dealing with Error

Clinical Governance

There are thousands of cases of avoidable significant harm in the NHS each year. More than half of these harms are avoidable. In this module, we will discuss how the principles of Root Cause Analysis (RCA), a tool used locally and nationally in healthcare to identify the causes of incidents, can guide quality improvement through implementing change and sharing learning.

Dementia

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the different types of dementia, their diagnosis and management. As a prescribing practitioner completing this module, you will have the knowledge and skills needed to safely assess, manage and refer any patient with dementia seen in a secondary care setting.

Dementia

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the different types of dementia, their diagnosis and management. This module is designed to emphasise the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to safely assess, manage and refer patients with dementia who present in the primary care setting.

Depression, Anxiety & Insomnia: Psychiatric Symptom Management in General Hospital Settings

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

This is one of two SCRIPT modules that discusses psychiatric symptom management in general hospital settings. We aim to provide the knowledge required to manage common mental illnesses and understand how the Mental Health and Mental Capacity Acts impact on the prescribing and administration of medicines. In this module, we will consider the use of medicines in the management of depression, anxiety, and insomnia occurring in conjunction with a physical illness or presenting with physical symptoms. The second SCRIPT module, ‘Rapid Tranquillisation & Antipsychotics - Psychiatric Symptom Management in General Hospital Settings’ discusses rapid tranquillisation, severe mental illness, and the use of clozapine in general hospital settings. Note that some medicines are considered under more than one indication in this module. To avoid repetition, it is important to be aware that adverse effects, discontinuation symptoms, interactions and suicide risk apply regardless of what the medicine is prescribed for. Some medicines are considered under more than one indication in this module. To avoid repetition it is important to be aware that side-effects, discontinuation symptoms, interactions and suicide risk apply regardless of what the medicine is prescribed for.

Designated Prescribing Practitioner Training

The Principles of Prescribing

This module has been designed for qualified healthcare professionals who will be taking on the role of Designated Prescribing Practitioner (DPP) for a trainee independent prescriber. In this module, we will develop your underpinning knowledge of the legal and ethical responsibilities of being a DPP. We will enhance your pedagogical knowledge to guide high-quality and effective teaching and learning, and build your confidence to assess competence and professionalism of the trainee independent prescriber.

Diabetes

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the management of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Education, screening and evidence-based drugs are key to managing the complications of diabetes. We will describe the ALPHABET strategy approach to this management and highlight the advice of the NHS THINK GLUCOSE campaign.

Disorders of Psychosis

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will provide you with an introduction to the treatment and management of psychosis and schizophrenia. We will briefly describe the clinical features of schizophrenia and the factors that may contribute to a patient's prognosis. We will also discuss the medicines used in the management of common psychotic disorders, and how to ensure that these are prescribed and monitored safely and effectively.

Dosing and Calculation

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will develop the underpinning knowledge and numeracy skills required for you to perform dose calculations competently and accurately in clinical practice. It will expand on your existing knowledge of drug dosages and calculations needed to ensure safe practice.

Drug Allergy and Anaphylaxis

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

This module will give an overview of drug allergy, concentrating on anaphylaxis. It will describe the signs and symptoms of Type I (immediate) reactions, so you can rapidly assess and treat patients; and know how to reduce the risk of such reactions. Finally the follow up of severe reactions is described.

Drug Interactions

Managing the Risks of Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will explore the potential risks and possible harm caused by pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions within patients during multiple drug therapy. We will describe the different types of drug interactions that can occur, their mechanisms and any potential clinical implications. Knowledge of both the mechanisms of drug interactions and reliable information sources for drug interactions, can allow you to reduce the opportunity of drug interactions that could harm your patients.

Drugs of Misuse

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will explore the main issues surrounding the misuse of drugs, both legal and illegal. We will discuss both the acute presentation with toxicity or withdrawal, as well as chronic problems associated with drug and alcohol dependence.

Epilepsy

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will explore the pharmacological management of both epilepsy and status epilepticus. The factors affecting the choice of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment will be considered along with how the risk of harm from such treatments can be minimised.

Fluids: Practical Prescribing for Adults

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will describe the indications for intravenous fluid and the common types of intravenous fluid prescribed. We will discuss some common clinical situations where intravenous fluids are required. We will also describe which fluid types are most appropriate in a variety of situations. The information contained within this module is only for adult intravenous fluid prescribing. See the ‘Paediatric Prescribing’ module for guidance on prescribing fluids in paediatric patients.

Fluids: The Principles

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will discuss the basic principles of fluid management. We will describe the different fluid compartments and the sources of fluid loss and fluid gain. We will also briefly discuss how to calculate resuscitation and maintenance fluid requirements. The SCRIPT ‘Fluids: Practical Prescribing in Adults’ module provides additional content and case vignettes to support your overall learning in relation to fluid management. Information relating to blood transfusion is beyond the scope of this module.

Formulation: An Overview for Prescribers

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module, we will discuss the availability of different drug formulations and the issues this may raise in your clinical practice. We will provide a brief reminder of pharmacokinetics specifically focusing on absorption. We will describe how different formulations of a drug can have different pharmacokinetic properties and how this can affect dosing. Finally, we will briefly discuss off-label and unlicensed medicines and the additional prescribing considerations you should think about when prescribing these.

Heart Failure

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the pharmacological management of acute and chronic heart failure. With reference to national guidelines, we will consider the cautions and contraindications of treatment, the adverse effects of treatments and how you can minimise the risk of harm to your patients.

Hepatic Dysfunction

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

This module will explore the use of drugs in patients with liver disease, the effects of drugs on the liver, and the effect of the liver on drugs. It will examine how to assess liver function, what drugs can cause harm to the liver, the metabolism of drugs by the liver and which drugs to avoid in chronic liver disease. It will be of use throughout your career as a prescriber.

Infection in Secondary Care

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will show you how to prescribe safely and appropriately for commonly encountered infections in secondary care. We will discuss how to assess the severity of infection so you can initiate appropriate management.

Introduction to Psychiatry

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will provide you with some background knowledge of mental health, mental illness and mental health problems. We will briefly outline the organisation of mental health services and discuss the main principles of UK mental health legislation, including the implications of this legislation for prescribing and administration of medicines. Finally, we will explore the management of acute behavioural disturbance.

Management of Pain

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will provide an overview of the management of acute and chronic pain. Pharmacological treatment with analgesics will be considered together with non-pharmacological approaches. Owing to the complex nature of pain some patients will require specialist input. It is important you know when to refer a patient, or when to contact the pain team for specialist advice.

Managing Complications of Anticancer Therapy

Advanced Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will highlight the basic principles of Systemic Anticancer Therapy (SACT), the appropriate management of patients presenting with complications of treatment, as well as those caused by the underlying malignancy. We will explore modern systemic anticancer therapy and the importance of safe, rational prescribing. This module will be of particular value to doctors currently in or about to undertake their haematology/oncology rotation. It may also supplement the training of non-medical prescribers who will be working in this field, or for prescribers working in areas that deal with the emergency treatment of chemotherapy-induced toxicity.

Medical Emergencies in Diabetes

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the signs and symptoms of diabetic emergencies, including hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state.For each, we will describe the immediate step-by-step management and continuing care in adults. The Joint British Societies Inpatient Care Group provide comprehensive guidance on all the diabetic emergencies discussed here, all of which are available online. Note that hospital Trusts are likely to have their own guidelines or protocols on the management of these emergencies. These should be used as the primary guidance alongside the general principles what we provide here.

Medication Errors

Managing the Risks of Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

This module describes the nature and frequency of medication errors and examines the theory underlying general human error. It will introduce you to tips on reducing medication errors, and how you can identify and correct them. The session also describes how you, as healthcare professionals, should respond when you discover a medication error, and how it should be reported. Finally, the role of electronic prescribing in preventing errors will be discussed.

Meningococcal Disease

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will focus on the presentation and pre-hospital emergency management of a patient with suspected meningococcal disease. The content of this module is based on the NICE Guidance: 'Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s'

Monitoring Medicines

Managing the Risks of Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will provide an overview of the importance of monitoring medicines. We will describe how effective monitoring can reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions and improve therapeutic outcomes. We will also briefly discuss the principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). Note: this module is designed to provide a wider overview of monitoring medicines rather than specific examples (although we will provide a few examples throughout the module). We hope that the principles discussed in the module will help you in your practice. If you are unsure of the monitoring requirements of a particular medicine, always seek specialist advice."

Older People

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

This module will help you understand the way in which older adult patients handle administered drugs (pharmacokinetics) and how they react to these drugs (pharmacodynamics) once they have been absorbed. This will help you to prescribe medicines safely in this patient group.

Paediatric Dermatology

Therapeutic Groups (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss prescribing for skin conditions. We will look at a number of important areas in management, including topical therapy for skin disease, safe prescribing of topical corticosteroids and an overview of the use of systemic treatments. We will consider special circumstances relevant to prescribing, including in adolescence and in those with suspected or proven multisystem disease. Note that some therapeutics will be discussed that are only prescribed under the supervision of paediatric dermatologists or general practitioners with a special interest and experience in dermatology.

Paediatric Pharmacokinetics

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module, we will explore the differences in drug handling across various age groups. We will briefly describe how the changes in body composition and organ function as children grow can affect the pharmacokinetics of a medicine. Please note there is no pre- or post-test for this module. The SCRIPT ‘Paediatric Practical Prescribing’ module provides additional content to support your overall learning in relation to paediatrics.

Paediatric Practical Prescribing

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will explore the differences in drug handling across various age groups and the practicalities of dosing medicines for different ages of children. We will discuss how to avoid medication errors and the special considerations needed in the paediatric population, such as the use of unlicensed and 'off-label' preparations. We will work through several cases and common prescribing scenarios, which should help you to consolidate the principles you have learned, as well as providing useful practical application of knowledge.

Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Advanced Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will explore the prescribing issues in caring for patients with advanced disease and those that are dying. We will discuss the management of pain in providing palliative care to patients so you can prescribe opioids safely and effectively. The management of nausea and vomiting, and those symptoms that commonly arise in the last days of a patient's life will also be discussed. We will also focus on the importance of shared decision-making with the patient and their family and within the multidisciplinary team.

Parenteral Poisons

Managing the Risks of Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we introduce the important aspects surrounding the prescribing, supply, administration and monitoring of so called 'dangerous drugs' that are administered via the parenteral route. We will discuss parenteral drugs that are commonly encountered in general medicine and that pose a significant risk to patients. These drugs have the potential for harm owing to the risks of toxicity, significant drug interactions and adverse effects. They require close clinical monitoring and care when prescribing. Although we will focus on the parenteral route of administration, where applicable much of this theory can be applied to alternative routes of administration.

Perioperative Prescribing

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

This module will explore the use of drugs in the perioperative period-specifically looking at issues of therapy immediately before and after operative surgery. It will consider issues such as decisions about stopping/omitting medicines prior to surgery and managing essential drug therapy. This module is of particular value to prescribers who are currently in or about to begin surgical rotations.

Poisoning

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will consider poisoning as a result of drug overdose. The module will explore the clinical toxicology of commonly prescribed drugs and the management required to alleviate their effects. It will provide practical advice on where to look for information should poisoning be suspected.

Pregnancy

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will explore the use of drugs in patients who are pregnant or who may become pregnant. The module includes the general principles of prescribing in pregnancy, the effects of drugs on the fetus, the effects of pregnancy on drug handling and introduces some key resources for determining whether a drug is safe to use. Some common conditions encountered during pregnancy are also covered.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Primary Care Focus)

In this module we will explore the use of drugs in patients who are both planning to start a family, are already pregnant and who are breastfeeding. We will discuss the general principles of prescribing in pregnancy, the effects of drugs on the fetus and the effects of pregnancy on drug handling. We will also discuss the general principles of prescribing in breastfeeding mothers, including the effects of drugs on lactation and the possible effects that a drug may have on the breastfed infant. We will introduce some key resources for determining whether a drug is safe to use during both pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Prescribing at the Interface & Team Prescribing

Advanced Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the importance of communication within the healthcare sector, and how this contributes to the effective management and monitoring of patient care. In an ever changing healthcare system, we will discuss the role of Non-Medical Prescribers (NMPs) and Effective Shared Care Agreements (ESCAs).

Prescribing in Infection

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will discuss the safe and appropriate prescribing of antibacterial drugs in patients with known or suspected infections. It will review the different classes of antibacterial available, when they should be prescribed empirically, and why careful use of antibacterials is important for both patient and public health. This module will be relevant to your practice throughout your medical career.

Prescription Documentation

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will discuss the underpinning knowledge required to prescribe legally, safely and unambiguously. Key areas of good prescribing practice will be emphasised along with a more in-depth discussion for the rationale behind each of the highlighted points.

Rational Drug Choice

Clinical Governance

In this module we will discuss evidence-based medicine and how it should be used help you make rational therapeutic decisions. Evidence-based medicine is about how information-for example, from clinical trials-is interpreted and used to ensure your patients receive the most appropriate and effective treatment. Evidence-based medicine can improve patient outcomes, reduce variations in care and ensure NHS resources are managed effectively.

Renal Dysfunction

Prescribing in Special Circumstances (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will explore the use of drugs in patients with renal impairment - including both Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This module is built around three case vignettes. It discusses the changes in drug handling in kidney disease, and the way this can require changes to dose regimens.

Respiratory Medicine: Asthma and COPD

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will consider the management of asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We will provide a summary of how to manage acute and chronic asthma in patients of different ages. We will also briefly discuss the pharmacological treatment options for managing stable COPD and acute exacerbations. We will not discuss the diagnosis of either of these conditions. The SCRIPT ‘Respiratory Medicine: Oxygen, Smoking Cessation and Inhalers’ module provides additional content to support your overall learning in relation to Respiratory Medicine.

Respiratory Medicine: Oxygen, Smoking Cessation and Inhalers

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss prescribing oxygen in acute and long-term settings. We will describe nicotine replacement products and how these can support smoking cessation. We will provide a summary of the different devices available to deliver inhaled drug therapy and how to select an appropriate device for your patient. Finally, we will briefly discuss the management of pneumonia in secondary care. The SCRIPT ‘Respiratory Medicine: Asthma and COPD’ module provides additional content to support your overall learning in relation to Respiratory Medicine.

Rheumatology

Therapeutic Groups (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will briefly discuss the presentation of early rheumatoid arthritis in primary care. We will review the classification criteria, how disease activity is measured, and how this is used to guide therapy. We will discuss the various 'non-biologic' and 'biologic' therapies prescribed in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, and how these are optimised to "treat to target" whilst minimising the risk of adverse effects. We will consider how treatment regimens are modified in women of child-bearing potential and for breastfeeding mothers. Finally, we will we will describe common problem areas in rheumatology prescribing, considering both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Rheumatology

Therapeutic Groups (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will revise the classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis, how to measure disease activity and how this can be used to guide therapy. We will discuss the various 'non-biologic' and 'biologic' therapies prescribed in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, and how these are optimised to "treat to target" whilst minimising the risk of adverse effects. We will consider how to modify treatment regimens in women of child-bearing potential and for breastfeeding mothers. Finally, we will we will describe common problem areas in rheumatology prescribing, considering both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Seizures

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Primary Care Focus)

In this module, we will discuss the pharmacological management of a seizure in the practice, or during a home visit in the community. We will also discuss the prescription of anti epileptic medicines, and the potential emergency situations that can arise from their use.

Sepsis in Hospital

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies (Secondary Care Focus)

In this module we will discuss the diagnosis and management of sepsis. We will list the common indicators that suggest a diagnosis of sepsis and the importance of source control in addition to appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Finally, we will discuss the factors to consider when prescribing for patients with sepsis, and their ongoing management.

Taking a Safe & Effective Medication History

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will discuss the importance of an accurate and complete drug history, and what can go wrong when this information is not gathered or used correctly. We will describe the different sources of information available to confirm the drug history, and their limitations. Problem drugs will be identified, including those which are often omitted from the history. We will give practical advice on how to obtain a safe and effective drug history. Finally, we will discuss the importance of reconciling and documenting information about a patient's medicines on admission to, transfer in, and discharge from hospital, as outlined in the NICE Medicines Reconciliation guidance.

Toxic Tablets

Managing the Risks of Prescribing (Secondary Care Focus)

Together with the Script 'Parenteral Poisons' module, this module will introduce the important aspects surrounding the prescribing, supply, administration and monitoring of so called 'dangerous drugs' that are administered via the 'oral' route. We will discuss oral drugs that are commonly encountered in general medicine and that pose a significant risk to patients. These drugs have the potential for harm due to the risks of toxicity, significant drug interactions and adverse effects. They require close clinical monitoring and care when prescribing. Although we will focus on the oral route of administration, where applicable much of this theory can be applied to alternative routes of administration.

Utilising the BNF(C)

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module, you will be provided with the basic knowledge required to utilise the British National Formulary (BNF) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFC) accurately and effectively when prescribing and/or administering medicines. We will discuss how the BNF and BNFC are constructed, as well as how best to find and use the information contained within them.

Dentistry

For undergraduates, foundation trainees and qualified dentists

Adverse Drug Reactions

Safe Prescribing in Dentistry

In this module, we will explore the identification and prediction of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in patients, consider the public health burden of ADRs, and describe pharmacovigilance systems in the UK.

Dental Infections

Management of Infection

In this module we will explore the management of dental infections, how they should be treated and when pharmacological therapy is indicated. Evidence and guidelines will be discussed along with appropriate prescribing advice for adult patients. This module will be of interest to both newly qualified dentists working in general practice and hospital, but also as revision in the process of revalidation and continuing professional development.

Medical Emergencies

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

In this module, we will discuss the management of medical emergencies in the dental setting. This includes the management of anaphylaxis, asthma, cardiac emergencies, seizures and hypoglycaemia. It is essential that all members of staff who might be involved in dealing with a medical emergency are appropriately trained. This includes remaining up-to-date with recent evidence-based guidance for their management.

Medication Errors

Safe Prescribing in Dentistry

In this module, we will describe the nature and frequency of medication errors and examine the theory underlying general human error. We will discuss ways in which medication errors can be reduced, and how you can identify and correct them. The session also describes how you, as a healthcare professional, should respond when you discover a medication error, and how it should be reported. We will also explore the identification and prediction of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in patients, consider the public health burden of ADRs, and describe pharmacovigilance systems in the UK.

Odontogenic Pain

Pain, Ulceration and Inflammation

This module provides information on the diagnosis of commonly occurring presentations of pain seen in primary care dental settings. We will mainly focus on odontogenic / dento-alveolar pain and basic management for each condition. Other causes of pain that may present in the dental clinic (e.g. pain of inflammatory, infective, and neurological origin) are covered in the SCRIPT module titled “Dental Pain, Inflammation and Ulceration”.

Pain, Ulceration and Inflammation

In this module we will explore the management of both dental and non-odontogenic pain, oral ulceration and inflammation. In each case, we will discuss the pharmacological management options available in the Dental Practitioner's Formulary (DPF), the indications for their use, and advice on when patients should be referred. The associated adverse effects of the medicines will be considered, and the cautions and contraindications in special patient groups. This module is of particular interest to newly qualified dentists working both in practice and hospital situations, and as revision in the process of revalidation or continuing professional development.

Periprocedural Prescribing

In this module we will explore the use of drugs in the periprocedural period. We will discuss when medicines need stopping or omitting prior to surgery and how essential drug therapy should be managed during the periprocedural period. We will look at the pharmacology of drugs available to dentists for sedation and those used in general anaesthesia. This module will be particularly useful for Dental Foundation trainees involved in conscious sedation or in Hospital posts where general anaesthesia is performed.

Prescription Documentation and the Drug History

Safe Prescribing in Dentistry

In this module, we will discuss the main aspects of prescription documentation so you will understand the importance of prescribing medication legally, safely and unambiguously to minimise the risk to patients. In addition, we will discuss the process of taking a safe and effective drug history.

Special Patient Groups

Parenteral Poisons

Managing the Risks of Prescribing

Perioperative Prescribing

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

Poisoning

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

Pregnancy

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

Prescribing and Therapeutics in Medical Foundation Training

In this module, we will discuss primarily the pharmacological management of severe pain. We will describe the issues surrounding the prescribing and administrations of strong opioid analgesics so that you have the knowledge to administer these safely and effectively. We will also briefly discuss dose equivalents of the various opioids and administration of analgesics via a continuous subcutaneous syringe driver. The SCRIPT 'Introduction to Pain Management' and 'Pharmacological Pain Management' modules provide content to support this module.

Dealing with Error

Principles of Medicines Management

There are thousands of cases of avoidable significant harm in the NHS each year. More than half of these harms are avoidable. In this module, we will discuss how the principles of Root Cause Analysis (RCA), a tool used locally and nationally in healthcare to identify the causes of incidennts, can guide quality improvement through implementing change and sharing learning.

Designated Prescribing Practitioner Training

Managing the Risks

Dose Calculations for Nurses

Principles of Medicines Management

In this module we will take you step-by-step through the process of performing various dose calculations and associated conversions. We will provide examples and then test your knowledge throughout using in-module activities. We will highlight some of the common pitfalls when calculating doses and explain how you can avoid them. Finally we will direct you to some resources for further reading and practice.

Evidence Based Practise

Principles of Medicines Management

In this module, we will discuss how evidence-based medicine should be used to help inform your approach to clinical practice. We will describe how this can improve patient and healthcare outcomes, reduce variations in care, and ensure NHS resources are managed effectively.

Formulation and Administration

Principles of Medicines Management

In this module, we will discuss the availability of different drug formulations and the issues this may raise in your clinical practice. We will describe the Nursing and Midwifery Council's (NMC) Standards for Medicines Management relating to the safe administration of medicines. We will also briefly discuss the preparation and/or manipulation of medicines.

Fundamentals of Pharmacology

Principles of Medicines Management

In this module we will discuss the basic principles of the effects a drug can have on the body (i.e pharmacodynamics). We will also describe whats the body does to the drug (i.e. pharmacokinetics) from when it is administered until it leaves the body, and the factors that can influence this. We will explore these basic concepts in the context of your clinical practice.

Introduction to Pain Management

Therapeutic Groups

In this module, we will describe acute, chronic and breakthrough pain. We will highlight the importance of undertaking a well conducted pain assessment and discuss the non-pharmacological approaches to pain management. The Script 'Pharmacological Pain Management’ and ‘Advanced Pain Management’ modules provide content to support this module.

Introduction to Psychiatry

Utilising the BNF(C)

Principles of Medicines Management

Paediatric

For specialist trainees, doctors and non-medical professionals working in a paediatric setting

Cannabis-Based Products for Medicinal Use

General Therapeutics

In this module, we will discuss the legislative changes that have enabled cannabis-based products for medicinal use (CBPMs) to be prescribed for patients. We will also discuss why unlicensed CBPMs can only be supplied under the prescription or direction of specialist doctors on the GMC Specialist Register (in specific circumstances) where there is an unmet clinical need. We will outline the guidelines and recommendations available to support healthcare professionals in the UK. This module has been commissioned by NHS England to provide a basic overview for all healthcare professionals and not specifically for a prescriber audience. We advise that you refer to your local policies for guidance on the practicalities of prescribing and obtaining CBPMs in your organisation.

Cardiology

Advanced Therapeutics

In this module we will describe the mechanism of action of the different classes of diuretics, and list the monitoring requirements to minimise the risk of adverse effects. Describe the role of diuretics in the management of ventricular septal defect. Describe the role of prostaglandin, anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapies in the management of duct dependent circulation. We will list the medicines that should be initiated in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. Categorise antiarrhythmics medicines according to the Vaughan-Williams classification based on their mechanism of action. We will list the adverse effects of antiarrhythmics and describe the monitoring requirements to minimise the risk of these occurring. List the signs and symptoms digoxin toxicity and describe how this is managed. Initiate immunoglobulins for the management of Kawasaki disease. Describe the aims of treatment in the management of Teratology of Fallot.

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

Adherence

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will explore medicines adherence and other related terminology. We will consider levels of and reasons for non-adherence. We will also discuss methods to promote shared decision-making and interventions to increase adherence to, and persistence with, prescribed medication regimens.

Anaphylaxis

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

Antidepressant Deprescribing (Part 1): The Principles

Therapeutic Groups

Many patients take antidepressants for long period of time. For some patients, the harms may outweigh the benefits, and therefore they would benefit from stopping them. Recent guidance on how to stop antidepressants from NICE aims to make stopping easier for patients and more likely to succeed. This process involves stopping antidepressants much more slowly than has been advised in the past and doing so in a specific pattern down to low doses before stopping. This module discusses the principles and theory which have led to these changes in guidance. The module content has been written so that it is focused towards prescribers working in primary care, however the principles discussed may be useful for prescribers working in other settings. Please note there is no pre- or post-test for this module. The learning outcomes associated with this module will be assessed in the pre/post-test of the ‘Antidepressant Deprescribing (Part 2): The Practicalities’ module.

Antidepressant Deprescribing (Part 2): The Practicalities

Therapeutic Groups

In this module (part 2), we will outline when and how to safely stop antidepressants. We will provide some practical tips, examples, and tools for prescribers to help make stopping antidepressants easier for patients. This module follows on from the ‘Antidepressant Deprescribing (Part 1)’ module, where we discussed the principles and theory behind safely stopping antidepressants. Both modules should be completed to support your overall learning in relation to stopping antidepressants. The module content has been written so that it is focused towards prescribers working in primary care, however the principles discussed may be useful for prescribers working in other settings. Please note the pre- or post-test for this module covers the content of this module and the ‘Antidepressant Deprescribing (Part 1): The Principles’ module.

Asthma and Croup

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

Dementia

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

Developmental Pharmacology in Paediatrics

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

In this module, we will explore the differences in drug handling across various paediatric age groups. We will also briefly discuss the identification and prediction of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions in the paediatric population.

Hypoglycaemia

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

In this module, we will discuss the pharmacological management of hypoglycaemia in general practice, or during a home visit in the community. We will revise the signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia and discuss the associated risk factors. We will describe how pharmacological management of hypoglycaemia needs to be adjusted depending on severity.

Medicines Use In Competitive Sport

Therapeutic Groups

In this module, we will provide information to support you when prescribing or making recommendations for the management of asthma, hay fever and glucocorticoid medicines to any of your patients involved in, or who may become involved in competitive sports and are subject to the World Anti-Doping Code. The topics illustrate key principles to consider and apply across other medical conditions when prescribing or providing advice for athletes.

Meningococcal Disease

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

Older People

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

In this module, we will revisit the principles of safe prescribing in older adults and where to access reputable, evidence-based information to guide your decision making. We will discuss how age-dependent changes in composition and function of the body can alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. We will also describe how to optimise the use of medicines in this patient group through identification of problematic and appropriate polypharmacy.

Paediatric Dermatology

Therapeutic Groups

Practical Prescribing in Paediatrics

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

In this module, we will explore the practicalities of prescribing, supplying and administering medicines safely to children. We will discuss calculating paediatric drug doses based on age and body weight, and describe the principles of oral fluid management. We will also discuss the additional factors to consider in the paediatric population, such as the use of unlicensed and off-label preparations.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

Prescribing in Infection

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module, we will discuss the safe and appropriate prescribing of antibacterials in patients with known or suspected infections. We will describe the different classes of antibacterial treatments available, when they should be prescribed based on empirical evidence, and why careful use of antibacterials is important for both patient and public health. We will refer to Public Health England's Antimicrobial Prescribing and Stewardship Competencies and the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) TARGET Antibiotic Toolkit throughout.

Prescribing in Renal and Hepatic Dysfunction

Prescribing in Special Circumstances

In this module, we will explore the use of drugs in patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction. We will revisit the principles of safe prescribing for each patient group and where to access reputable, evidence-based information to guide your decision making.

Prescription Documentation and Shared Care

The Principles of Prescribing

In this module we will discuss the underpinning knowledge required to prescribe legally, safely and unambiguously. We will also summarise the concepts of the Non-Medical Prescribers (NMPs) and Shared Care Agreements (SCAs).

Rheumatology

Therapeutic Groups

Seizures

Prescribing in Medical Emergencies

Sepsis in Primary Care

Medicines Management in Care Homes

Patients with the Highest Vulnerabilities

Medicines Policy for Nurses

Antiseizures

In this module you will explore the pharmacological actions of antiseizure medications (ASMs). There will be an overview of various medications utilised within this field, and the multiple modes of action by which ASMs provide therapeutic benefit. You will consider a holistic approach to ASMs covering their pharmacology, how to initiate and monitor treatment, their interactions and adverse effects, drug monitoring and finally, patient/carer education.

Basics of Pharmacology

In this module, we will discuss the general principles of the effects that a medicine can have on the body (known as pharmacodynamics). We will also describe what the body does to medicines (known as pharmacokinetics) from when it is administered until it leaves the body, and the factors that can influence this. We will explore these concepts in the context of your clinical practice. This module is a pre-requisite to the other modules in the Prescriber Ready portfolio. Therefore, it is advised that you complete this module before completing other modules in the portfolio.

Opioids

In this module, we will explore the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of opioid medicines. In other words, how they work to control pain and how the body processes them. We will also outline the adverse effects caused by opioid medications and how these can be managed or prevented. This module also provides information which should be discussed with patients prior to and during opioid use to ensure safe, appropriate, and effective pain management.

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Ambulance Service

Acute Coronary Syndrome and Cardiac Arrest

Adherence

Adverse Drug Reactions

Anaphylaxis

Anticoagulation Part 1

Anticoagulation Part 2

Asthma and Croup

Bipolar Affective Disorders

Breastfeeding

Cardiac arrest

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Clinical Kinetics

Clinical Pharmacology

COVID-19

Dealing with Error

Dementia

Dementia

Depression, Anxiety & Insomnia: Psychiatric Symptom Management in General Hospital Settings

Designated Prescribing Practitioner Training

Diabetes

Disorders of Psychosis

Dosing and Calculation

Drug Allergy and Anaphylaxis

Drug Interactions

Drugs of Misuse

Epilepsy

Fluids: Practical Prescribing for Adults

Fluids: The Principles

Formulation: An Overview for Prescribers

Heart Failure

Hepatic Dysfunction

Infection in Secondary Care

Introduction to Psychiatry

Management of Pain

Managing Complications of Anticancer Therapy

Medical Emergencies in Diabetes

Medication Errors

Meningococcal Disease

Monitoring Medicines

Older People

Paediatric Dermatology

Paediatric Pharmacokinetics

Paediatric Practical Prescribing

Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Parenteral Poisons

Perioperative Prescribing

Poisoning

Pregnancy

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Prescribing at the Interface & Team Prescribing

Prescribing in Infection

Prescription Documentation

Rational Drug Choice

Renal Dysfunction

Respiratory Medicine: Asthma and COPD

Respiratory Medicine: Oxygen, Smoking Cessation and Inhalers

Rheumatology

Rheumatology

Seizures

Sepsis in Hospital

Taking a Safe & Effective Medication History

Toxic Tablets

Utilising the BNF(C)

Dentistry

Adverse Drug Reactions

Dental Infections

Medical Emergencies

Medication Errors

Odontogenic Pain

Pain, Ulceration and Inflammation

Periprocedural Prescribing

Prescription Documentation and the Drug History

Special Patient Groups

Utilising the BNF(C)

Medicine and Surgery

Adherence